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Polyamide-imide PAI
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Polyamide imide

 

Introduction

Polyamide-imide is classified in the meta-aramide family. It is naturally non-flammable, which is a permanent characteristic thanks to its chemical structure including a high proportion of aromatic structures and combined double bonds. It is mainly used in heat and fire protective clothing. A new field of application is the filtrations segment. The trademark of our product is Kermel.

Kermel is a smooth-surfaced fibre with an almost circular cross-section. This shape, as well as its modulus, make it comfortable and very pleasant to the touch. The fibre has a very high resistance to abrasion, a thermal conductivity twice as low as any other aramid fibre. It also has an excellent resistance to chemicals. KermelŪ is solution-dyed during the manufacturing process for lifelong color fastness . Colours can withstand UV lights and washing

 

Properties
General characteristics
Density 1,34 g/cm3
moisture regain abt. 4%
Tensile strength 40 cN/tex +/- 4
elongation at break 19% +/- 2
elasticity modulus 240 to 320 cN/tex
shrinkage in boiling water (15 min.) 0%
shrinkage in dry air (15 min. at 200 degr C) 0.2%

 
Non flammability Polyamide-imide based garments are permanently non-flammable

The physical measurement which allows to qualify the non-flammability of the material is the Limited Oxygen Index (LOI). If it is considerably higher than the oxygen content in atmospheric air (21% approx.), the combustion of the product cannot sustain itself in a normal environment.

Kermel fiber has a LOI of 30-32%

Kermel fibers do not melt when exposed to high temperatures but slowly char without dripping

 
Thermostability Polyamide-imide fabrics are stable in flames, and the integrity of the clothing is sufficient to enable the wearer to move away from the hazardous area.

Thermostability of a fiber or fabrics concerns the conservation of mechanical characteristics and dimensional stability for a given temperature exposure. For the protective clothing applications, fabric is required to withstand temperatures of over 1000 degr C  for a few seconds. Kermel is extremely efficient in this field.

When subjected to flames, fabrics made from Polyamide-imide retain their integrity and their dimensions, which means that in addition to acting as a protective screen, they also maintain the protective layer of air between the skin and the clothing.
Thermal insulation Polyamide-imide fiber is a very good thermal insulator, which allows good protection against heat with lightweight fabrics.

Kermel has a thermal conductivity of 0.04 W/m. degr K
Resistance to chemicals The chemical properties of Polyamide-imide provide efficient protection against most chemical agents.

Kermel fiber gives good resistance to cold acids, even when concentrated, and dilute alkalis at ambient temperature, when immersed for a fairly long period. It also withstands most organic solvents (except highly polar solvents and phenol-based solvents), chlorine bleach, detergents and water vapor. For short-period contact, i.e. accidental contact, Kermel has very good qualities as it retains its integrity and therefore sustains the protective screen effect.
Mechanical strength The mechanical strength of Polyamide-imide fiber is ideally suited for making durable, long-wearing clothing.

Kermel's mechanical data shows supple and flexible fiber with good elasticity. The fiber also has a high resistance to abrasion (transversal resistance) thanks to its amorphous structure. This explains the excellent durability of the product.
Comfort The low modulus of the fiber is realized in the extreme softness of Polyamide-imide fabrics and knits
Gas emissions For applications where gas emissions are very important, Kermel is a particularly appropriate solution as the fiber generates pyrolysis gases with a very low toxic content (HCN and CO), and the opacity is very low when exposed to a flame.
Appearance Polyamide-imide does not have pilling, i.e. fabrics continue to look as good as new for a long time
Color Kermel Polyamide-imide is solution dyed during the manufacturing process for improved color fastness 

 

 

Applications

Kermel  are used

KermelŪ Polyamide-imide fibers / yarns / fabrics are mainly used in the manufacture of gloves, clothing and underwear protecting against heat and flames. It is used in station wear garments and turnout gear for fire brigades, in pilot jackets, tank crews coveralls, anti-riot garments, parkas, work wear coveralls etc. New developments are particularly dedicated to VIPs, bodyguards, airlines' uniforms ; markets where protection is combined with elegance.
The Army Since thermostable outfits were introduced thirty years ago for use by the Army's armored vehicle teams, Kermel's collaboration with army technical staff has progressively tightened. In France, tank crew and combat helicopter pilots put their trust in Kermel to protect them in the heat of the action.

With the combined anti-flame protection of outfits and underwear, Kermel fiber allows crew to evacuate an armored vehicle in the best possible conditions (within approx. 10 seconds)
Air Force French and Italian fighter pilots use Kermel flight suits, Kermel underwear and Kermel bomber jackets. And as for those back at the base, the fire fighters wear Kermel action clothing. This guarantees minute-by-minute protection against exposure to fire or heat flashes.
Navy Every day, French, Canadian and German crews enjoy the Kermel fiber experience. From onboard fire fighters to special forces, at some time they all wear Kermel/FR viscose shirts, suits, or even balaclavas for unrivalled comfort and protection on the world's high seas.
Police forces Many police forces and national guard units around the world have adopted Kermel fiber clothing: special intervention forces, British and French riot squads, the Italian Carabinieri, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A full range of products specifically designed for law and order forces has been developed: oil-repellent fireproof suits, underwear and other items
Filtration Thanks to its exceptional performances, Kermel Tech fiber is used for smoke filtration and increases the reliability and durability of sleeve-type filters. The fiber has been approved by several European manufacturers and is particularly well adapted for use in installations that operate at high temperatures, i.e. production of metals, minerals, cements ; energy generation; waste incineration, etc

 

 

Grades
  • fibers
  • tow/tops
  • spun yarns

 

  
Presentation and processability

Kermel fiber is available in several forms suitable for various types of transformation, cotton or worsted systems, with various counts. For the worsted system, Kermel can be supplied as staple fiber or broken top or carded and combed sliver. The fiber is supplied already colored. It is solution-dyed before spinning for lifelong colorfastness. Colors can withstand UV light and washing.

 

Weaving and knitting applications
Presentation Carded and combed sliver staple fibers
Count 1,7 / 2,2 dtex 1,7 / 2,2 dtex
Cut length 80 - 100 - 120 mm 40-50 mm or calibrated 60-80-100 or 80-100-120 mm
Packaging 500 kg, 400/450 kg and 200/250 kg bale 170/190 kg bale

 

Special applications
Presentation staple fibers
Count 1,7 / 2,2 / 3,9 / 5,6 / 7,1 dtex
Cut length 40 - 50 - 60 - 90 mm
For flocking short, straight fibers of 1 to 10 mm

 
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